Facilitation of machine type communication firmware over the air

ABSTRACT

A more efficient over-the-air software push can be facilitated by a firmware over-the-air (FOTA) server device in communication with a home subscriber server (HSS). For example, the FOTA server can host the names of user equipment devices that are due for a FOTA update. When a user equipment device identification is received from the HSS, the FOTA server can then check the user equipment device identification against the names within the server. If the name is found, then the system can send discontinuous reception data to the user equipment device to modify a current discontinuous reception value of the user equipment device. Thus, the modified discontinuous reception value can prompt a long reception time of the user equipment device such that the user equipment device can receive the FOTA.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The subject patent application is a continuation of, and claims priorityto each of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/210,472, filed Mar. 23,2021, and entitled “FACILITATION OF MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION FIRMWAREOVER THE AIR,” which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 16/789,716 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,986,489), filed Feb. 13, 2020, andentitled “FACILITATION OF MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION FIRMWARE OVER THEAIR,” which applications each claim priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/952,796, filed Dec. 23, 2019, and entitled“FACILITATION OF MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION FIRMWARE OVER THE AIR.” Theentireties of the aforementioned priority applications are herebyincorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure generally relates to facilitating machine typecommunication (MTC) firmware over the air. More specifically, thisdisclosure relates to scheduling of over-the-air downloads for internetof things.

BACKGROUND

Over-the-air (OTA) programming or firmware OTA (FOTA) refers to variousmethods of distributing new software, configuring settings, and updatingencryption keys to devices like cellphones, set-top boxes or securevoice communication equipment (encrypted 2-way radios). One feature ofOTA is that one central location can send an update to all the users,who are unable to refuse, defeat, or alter that update, and that theupdate applies immediately to everyone on the channel.

In the context of the mobile content world these can compriseover-the-air service provisioning (OTASP), over-the-air provisioning(OTAP) or over-the-air parameter administration (OTAPA), or provisioninghandsets with the necessary settings with which to access services suchas wireless application protocols (WAP) or multimedia messaging services(MMS).

As mobile devices accumulate new applications and become more advanced,OTA configuration has become increasingly important as new updates andservices come on stream. OTA via short messaging services (SMS)optimizes the configuration data updates in SIM cards and handsets andenables the distribution of new software updates to mobile devices orprovisioning handsets with the necessary settings with which to accessservices such as WAP or MMS. OTA messaging provides remote control ofmobile devices for service and subscription activation, personalizationand programming of a new service for mobile operators andtelecommunication third parties.

The above-described background relating to firmware over-the-air ismerely intended to provide a contextual overview of some current issues,and is not intended to be exhaustive. Other contextual information maybecome further apparent upon review of the following detaileddescription.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the subject disclosureare described with reference to the following figures, wherein likereference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various viewsunless otherwise specified.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system in which anetwork node device (e.g., network node) and user equipment (UE) canimplement various aspects and embodiments of the subject disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of a basestation in communication to IOT devices.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of awireless network architecture.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example schematic system block diagram of adiscontinuous reception function.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example flow diagram for a wireless networkarchitecture.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example flow diagram of a method for modifying adiscontinuous reception parameter.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example flow diagram of a system for modifying adiscontinuous reception parameter.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example flow diagram of a machine-readable mediumfor modifying a discontinuous reception parameter.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example block diagram of an example mobile handsetoperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates securewireless communication according to one or more embodiments describedherein.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example block diagram of an example computeroperable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates securewireless communication according to one or more embodiments describedherein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth toprovide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. One skilled inthe relevant art will recognize, however, that the techniques describedherein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, orwith other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances,well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown ordescribed in detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” or “anembodiment,” means that a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic described in connection with the embodiment is includedin at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrase “in oneembodiment,” “in one aspect,” or “in an embodiment,” in various placesthroughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to thesame embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

As utilized herein, terms “component,” “system,” “interface,” and thelike are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware,software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a componentcan be a processor, a process running on a processor, an object, anexecutable, a program, a storage device, and/or a computer. By way ofillustration, an application running on a server and the server can be acomponent. One or more components can reside within a process, and acomponent can be localized on one computer and/or distributed betweentwo or more computers.

Further, these components can execute from various machine-readablemedia having various data structures stored thereon. The components cancommunicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance witha signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one componentinteracting with another component in a local system, distributedsystem, and/or across a network, e.g., the Internet, a local areanetwork, a wide area network, etc. with other systems via the signal).

As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specificfunctionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric orelectronic circuitry; the electric or electronic circuitry can beoperated by a software application or a firmware application executed byone or more processors; the one or more processors can be internal orexternal to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of thesoftware or firmware application. As yet another example, a componentcan be an apparatus that provides specific functionality throughelectronic components without mechanical parts; the electroniccomponents can include one or more processors therein to executesoftware and/or firmware that confer(s), at least in part, thefunctionality of the electronic components. In an aspect, a componentcan emulate an electronic component via a virtual machine, e.g., withina cloud computing system.

The words “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” are used herein to meanserving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance ofdoubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by suchexamples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as“exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meantto preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known tothose of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that theterms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used ineither the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intendedto be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an opentransition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.

As used herein, the term “infer” or “inference” refers generally to theprocess of reasoning about, or inferring states of, the system,environment, user, and/or intent from a set of observations as capturedvia events and/or data. Captured data and events can include user data,device data, environment data, data from sensors, sensor data,application data, implicit data, explicit data, etc. Inference can beemployed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate aprobability distribution over states of interest based on aconsideration of data and events, for example.

Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composinghigher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inferenceresults in the construction of new events or actions from a set ofobserved events and/or stored event data, whether the events arecorrelated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and datacome from one or several event and data sources. Various classificationschemes and/or systems (e.g., support vector machines, neural networks,expert systems, Bayesian belief networks, fuzzy logic, and data fusionengines) can be employed in connection with performing automatic and/orinferred action in connection with the disclosed subject matter.

In addition, the disclosed subject matter can be implemented as amethod, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programmingand/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware,or any combination thereof to control a computer to implement thedisclosed subject matter. The term “article of manufacture” as usedherein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, machine-readable device, computer-readablecarrier, computer-readable media, or machine-readable media. Forexample, computer-readable media can include, but are not limited to, amagnetic storage device, e.g., hard disk; floppy disk; magneticstrip(s); an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), a digital video disc(DVD), a Blu-ray Disc™ (BD)); a smart card; a flash memory device (e.g.,card, stick, key drive); and/or a virtual device that emulates a storagedevice and/or any of the above computer-readable media.

As an overview, various embodiments are described herein to facilitateFOTA for a 5G air interface or other next generation networks. Forsimplicity of explanation, the methods (or algorithms) are depicted anddescribed as a series of acts. It is to be understood and appreciatedthat the various embodiments are not limited by the acts illustratedand/or by the order of acts. For example, acts can occur in variousorders and/or concurrently, and with other acts not presented ordescribed herein. Furthermore, not all illustrated acts may be requiredto implement the methods. In addition, the methods could alternativelybe represented as a series of interrelated states via a state diagram orevents. Additionally, the methods described hereafter are capable ofbeing stored on an article of manufacture (e.g., a machine-readablestorage medium) to facilitate transporting and transferring suchmethodologies to computers. The term article of manufacture, as usedherein, is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from anycomputer-readable device, carrier, or media, including a non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium.

It should be noted that although various aspects and embodiments havebeen described herein in the context of 5G, Universal MobileTelecommunications System (UMTS), and/or Long Term Evolution (LTE), orother next generation networks, the disclosed aspects are not limited to5G, a UMTS implementation, and/or an LTE implementation as thetechniques can also be applied in 3G, 4G or LTE systems. For example,aspects or features of the disclosed embodiments can be exploited insubstantially any wireless communication technology. Such wirelesscommunication technologies can include UMTS, Code Division MultipleAccess (CDMA), Wi-Fi, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced GPRS, ThirdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP), LTE, Third Generation PartnershipProject 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed Packet Access(HSPA), Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), High-Speed DownlinkPacket Access (HSDPA), High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Zigbee,or another IEEE 802.12 technology. Additionally, substantially allaspects disclosed herein can be exploited in legacy telecommunicationtechnologies.

Described herein are systems, methods, articles of manufacture, andother embodiments or implementations that can facilitate FOTA for a 5Gnetwork. Facilitating FOTA for a 5G network can be implemented inconnection with any type of device with a connection to thecommunications network (e.g., a mobile handset, a computer, a handhelddevice, etc.) any Internet of things (IOT) device (e.g., toaster, coffeemaker, blinds, music players, speakers, etc.), and/or any connectedvehicles (cars, airplanes, space rockets, and/or other at leastpartially automated vehicles (e.g., drones)). In some embodiments thenon-limiting term user equipment (UE) is used. It can refer to any typeof wireless device that communicates with a radio network node in acellular or mobile communication system. Examples of UE are targetdevice, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE capable ofmachine to machine (M2M) communication, PDA, Tablet, mobile terminals,smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment(LME), USB dongles etc. Note that the terms element, elements andantenna ports can be interchangeably used but carry the same meaning inthis disclosure. The embodiments are applicable to single carrier aswell as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation (CA) operation ofthe UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA) is also called (e.g.interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”, “multi-cell operation”,“multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier” transmission and/orreception.

In some embodiments the non-limiting term radio network node or simplynetwork node is used. It can refer to any type of network node thatserves UE is connected to other network nodes or network elements or anyradio node from where UE receives a signal. Examples of radio networknodes are Node B, base station (BS), multi-standard radio (MSR) nodesuch as MSR BS, eNode B, network controller, radio network controller(RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay, donor node controllingrelay, base transceiver station (BTS), access point (AP), transmissionpoints, transmission nodes, RRU, RRH, nodes in distributed antennasystem (DAS) etc.

Cloud radio access networks (RAN) can enable the implementation ofconcepts such as software-defined network (SDN) and network functionvirtualization (NFV) in 5G networks. This disclosure can facilitate ageneric channel state information framework design for a 5G network.Certain embodiments of this disclosure can comprise an SDN controllerthat can control routing of traffic within the network and between thenetwork and traffic destinations. The SDN controller can be merged withthe 5G network architecture to enable service deliveries via openapplication programming interfaces (“APIs”) and move the network coretowards an all internet protocol (“IP”), cloud based, and softwaredriven telecommunications network. The SDN controller can work with, ortake the place of policy and charging rules function (“PCRF”) networkelements so that policies such as quality of service and trafficmanagement and routing can be synchronized and managed end to end.

To meet the huge demand for data centric applications, 4G standards canbe applied 5G, also called new radio (NR) access. 5G networks cancomprise the following: data rates of several tens of megabits persecond supported for tens of thousands of users; 1 gigabit per secondcan be offered simultaneously to tens of workers on the same officefloor; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections can besupported for massive sensor deployments; spectral efficiency can beenhanced compared to 4G; improved coverage; enhanced signalingefficiency; and reduced latency compared to LTE. In multicarrier systemsuch as OFDM, each subcarrier can occupy bandwidth (e.g., subcarrierspacing). If the carriers use the same bandwidth spacing, then it can beconsidered a single numerology. However, if the carriers occupydifferent bandwidth and/or spacing, then it can be considered a multiplenumerology.

MTC devices and networks (e.g., LTE M and NB-IoT) are designed andoptimized for low power consumption, low data rates and infrequent use.The typical traffic pattern on these devices can comprise a short periodof activity, on the order of a few seconds, followed by hours, days oreven months of inactivity, during which the user equipment (UEs) are notreachable. These traffic characteristics are beneficial to expandbattery life but creates a challenge for device management activitiessuch as firmware upgrades, also known as FOTA, security patches, orprovisioning changes that are periodically needed and that can occurwhile the UE is connected for tens of seconds instead of only a fewseconds. This is especially difficult to manage when UEs are roaming inforeign radio access networks (RAN), but are still attached to a serviceprovider's mobility management entities (MME). The MME can push FOTA tothe UEs or modify their SIM profile such that the UE can attach to twodifferent network operators based on roaming.

This disclosure utilizes the periodic registration, that UEs perform aspart of their regular connectivity maintenance, to modify their regularbehavior so that they stay connected to the network, longer than theywould otherwise, to allow enough time for FOTA packages to be downloaded(e.g., greater than two minutes).

As built, the roaming system selection (RSS) platform typically takes2-3 minutes from device registration until the RSS can initiate OTA viaa mobile terminated short text message (MT-SMS) delivery download thatcontains the public land mobile network (PLMN) steering files formanaging preferred roaming carriers network selection priority. A largepopulation of IoT devices have a very short network presenceavailability in that they connect and disconnect very quickly. This isdue to their power-up time (international mobile subscriber identity(IMSI) attach reachable) intervals are significantly less than 2 minuteswith some modules with connection instances as short as 10 seconds. Thisis by design for device optimization for power conservation, butadversely limits the time these devices are reachable on the network forMT messaging attempts. The power-up time varies based on devicecategory, features implemented (e.g., power saving mode (PSM),discontinuous reception (eDRX), etc.), module vendor and systemintegrator.

A new element called the FOTA server and database function can beattached to an home subscriber server (HSS) function in the LTE network.This element can contain a list of UEs that are due for FOTA upgrades.Whenever the MME receives a tracking area update (TAU) or attach requestfrom one of these devices, the HSS can send a flag to the MME thattriggers a response from the MME with custom extended idle-modediscontinuous reception timers (TeDRX), discontinuous reception timers(Tdrx), and/or paging transmission window timers (Tptw). These timervalues are part of the flag sent from the HSS and can be negotiatedbetween the UE and the MME independently of the RAN in use. Thesemodifications can be performed on a case-by-case basis (e.g., themodified behavior is triggered by this “FOTA pending” flag) and canfollow regular procedures (e.g., whatever timer values are set for theRAN at that point) if the device is not due for push. Thus, the networkcan tell the UE when to wake up (e.g., wake up your receivers every 20ms), how long to stay awake, when to page, and when to go back to sleep(e.g., power saving mode). Because the network has indicated to the UEwhen to wake up, the network will know when to send the FOTA withinthose specific time slots.

In case the device or the network does not support eDRX, a similarapproach can be taken manipulating a power saving mode (PSM) (e.g.,timer T3324) timer (making it longer) as is also negotiated upon attachand TAU between UE and MME. For example, the T3324 can prompt the UE towait a specific amount of time before the UE goes completely off.However, another timer can prompt the UE to wake up at variousintervals. Thus, for FOTA upgrades, the UE idle time can be extended toprevent the UE from going completely dormant.

It should also be noted that an artificial intelligence (AI) componentcan facilitate automating one or more features in accordance with thedisclosed aspects. A memory and a processor as well as other componentscan include functionality with regard to the figures. The disclosedaspects in connection with FOTA can employ various AI-based schemes forcarrying out various aspects thereof. For example, a process fordetecting one or more trigger events, reducing a software push as aresult of the one or more trigger events, and modifying one or morereported measurements, and so forth, can be facilitated with an exampleautomatic classifier system and process.

An example classifier can be a function that maps an input attributevector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, xn), to a confidence that the input belongsto a class, that is, f(x)=confidence(class). Such classification canemploy a probabilistic and/or statistical-based analysis (e.g.,factoring into the analysis utilities and costs) to prognose or infer anaction that can be automatically performed. In the case of FOTA pushes,for example, attributes can be a frequency band and a technology and theclasses can be an output network capacity reduction value.

A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can beemployed. The SVM can operate by finding a hypersurface in the space ofpossible inputs, which the hypersurface attempts to split the triggeringcriteria from the non-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes theclassification correct for testing data that is near, but not identicalto training data. Other directed and undirected model classificationapproaches include, for example, naïve Bayes, Bayesian networks,decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilisticclassification models providing different patterns of independence canbe employed. Classification as used herein also may be inclusive ofstatistical regression that is utilized to develop models of priority.

The disclosed aspects can employ classifiers that are explicitly trained(e.g., via a generic training data) as well as implicitly trained (e.g.,via observing mobile device usage as it relates to triggering events,observing network frequency/technology, receiving extrinsic information,and so on). For example, SVMs can be configured via a learning ortraining phase within a classifier constructor and feature selectionmodule. Thus, the classifier(s) can be used to automatically learn andperform a number of functions, including but not limited to modifying aFOTA push, modifying one or more reported mobility measurements, and soforth. The criteria can include, but is not limited to, predefinedvalues, frequency attenuation tables or other parameters, serviceprovider preferences and/or policies, and so on.

In one embodiment, described herein is a method comprising receiving, bya wireless network device comprising a processor, registration datarepresentative of a mobile device attempting to register with a wirelessnetwork. In response to the receiving the registration data, the methodcan comprise sending, by the wireless network device, the registrationdata to a server device of the wireless network. In response to thesending the registration data to the server device, the method cancomprise receiving, by the wireless network device from the serverdevice, update data representative of an indication that the mobiledevice is ready for application of a firmware update. Additionally, inresponse to the receiving the update data, the method can compriseprompting, by the wireless network device, a mobility management deviceto modify a discontinuous reception parameter of the mobile device.

According to another embodiment, a system can facilitate, receivingregistration data representative of a mobile device attempting toregister with a wireless network. In response to the receiving theregistration data, the system can comprise sending the registration datato a server device of the wireless network. Additionally, in response tothe sending the registration data to the server device, the system cancomprise facilitating comparing the update data to a data structure ofthe server device, resulting in comparison data. Furthermore, based onthe comparison data, the system can comprise modifying a discontinuousreception parameter associated with the mobile device, resulting in amodified discontinuous reception parameter.

According to yet another embodiment, described herein is amachine-readable storage medium that can perform the operationscomprising receiving tracking area update data representative of amobile device initiating a registration with a base station device of awireless network. In response to the receiving the tracking area updatedata, the machine-readable storage medium can perform the operationscomprising sending the tracking area update data to a server device ofthe wireless network. Furthermore, in response to the sending thetracking area update data to the server device, the machine-readablestorage medium can perform the operations comprising facilitatingcomparing the tracking area update data to a data structure of theserver device, resulting in comparison data. Additionally, based on thecomparison data, the machine-readable storage medium can perform theoperations comprising modifying a reception value associated with themobile device, resulting in a modified reception value.

These and other embodiments or implementations are described in moredetail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , illustrated is an example wirelesscommunication system 100 in accordance with various aspects andembodiments of the subject disclosure. In one or more embodiments,system 100 can comprise one or more user equipment UEs 102. Thenon-limiting term user equipment can refer to any type of device thatcan communicate with a network node in a cellular or mobilecommunication system. A UE can have one or more antenna panels havingvertical and horizontal elements. Examples of a UE comprise a targetdevice, device to device (D2D) UE, machine type UE or UE capable ofmachine to machine (M2M) communications, personal digital assistant(PDA), tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop mounted equipment(LME), universal serial bus (USB) dongles enabled for mobilecommunications, a computer having mobile capabilities, a mobile devicesuch as cellular phone, a laptop having laptop embedded equipment (LEE,such as a mobile broadband adapter), a tablet computer having a mobilebroadband adapter, a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, aheads-up display (HUD) device, a smart car, a machine-type communication(MTC) device, and the like. User equipment UE 102 can also comprise IOTdevices that communicate wirelessly.

In various embodiments, system 100 is or comprises a wirelesscommunication network serviced by one or more wireless communicationnetwork providers. In example embodiments, a UE 102 can becommunicatively coupled to the wireless communication network via anetwork node 104. The network node (e.g., network node device) cancommunicate with user equipment (UE), thus providing connectivitybetween the UE and the wider cellular network. The UE 102 can sendtransmission type recommendation data to the network node 104. Thetransmission type recommendation data can comprise a recommendation totransmit data via a closed loop MIMO mode and/or a rank-1 precoder mode.

A network node can have a cabinet and other protected enclosures, anantenna mast, and multiple antennas for performing various transmissionoperations (e.g., MIMO operations). Network nodes can serve severalcells, also called sectors, depending on the configuration and type ofantenna. In example embodiments, the UE 102 can send and/or receivecommunication data via a wireless link to the network node 104. Thedashed arrow lines from the network node 104 to the UE 102 representdownlink (DL) communications and the solid arrow lines from the UE 102to the network nodes 104 represents an uplink (UL) communication.

System 100 can further include one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 that facilitate providing wireless communicationservices to various UEs, including UE 102, via the network node 104and/or various additional network devices (not shown) included in theone or more communication service provider networks 106. The one or morecommunication service provider networks 106 can include various types ofdisparate networks, including but not limited to: cellular networks,femto networks, picocell networks, microcell networks, internet protocol(IP) networks Wi-Fi service networks, broadband service network,enterprise networks, cloud based networks, and the like. For example, inat least one implementation, system 100 can be or include a large scalewireless communication network that spans various geographic areas.According to this implementation, the one or more communication serviceprovider networks 106 can be or include the wireless communicationnetwork and/or various additional devices and components of the wirelesscommunication network (e.g., additional network devices and cell,additional UEs, network server devices, etc.). The network node 104 canbe connected to the one or more communication service provider networks106 via one or more backhaul links 108. For example, the one or morebackhaul links 108 can comprise wired link components, such as a T1/E1phone line, a digital subscriber line (DSL) (e.g., either synchronous orasynchronous), an asymmetric DSL (ADSL), an optical fiber backbone, acoaxial cable, and the like. The one or more backhaul links 108 can alsoinclude wireless link components, such as but not limited to,line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS links which can include terrestrialair-interfaces or deep space links (e.g., satellite communication linksfor navigation).

Wireless communication system 100 can employ various cellular systems,technologies, and modulation modes to facilitate wireless radiocommunications between devices (e.g., the UE 102 and the network node104). While example embodiments might be described for 5G new radio (NR)systems, the embodiments can be applicable to any radio accesstechnology (RAT) or multi-RAT system where the UE operates usingmultiple carriers e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000 etc.

For example, system 100 can operate in accordance with global system formobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service(UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency division duplexing (LTEFDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA),code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000,time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access(FDMA), multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA),single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), single-carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM),discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spread OFDM) single carrierFDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tailDFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequency divisionmultiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universal fixedmobile convergence (UFMC), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique wordDFT-spread OFDM (UW DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM,resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like. However,various features and functionalities of system 100 are particularlydescribed wherein the devices (e.g., the UEs 102 and the network device104) of system 100 are configured to communicate wireless signals usingone or more multi carrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols canbe transmitted simultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g.,OFDM, CP-OFDM, DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments areapplicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrieraggregation (CA) operation of the UE. The term carrier aggregation (CA)is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”,“multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier”transmission and/or reception. Note that some embodiments are alsoapplicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on some carriers (that is dataplus speech is simultaneously scheduled).

In various embodiments, system 100 can be configured to provide andemploy 5G wireless networking features and functionalities. 5G wirelesscommunication networks are expected to fulfill the demand ofexponentially increasing data traffic and to allow people and machinesto enjoy gigabit data rates with virtually zero latency. Compared to 4G,5G supports more diverse traffic scenarios. For example, in addition tothe various types of data communication between conventional UEs (e.g.,phones, smartphones, tablets, PCs, televisions, Internet enabledtelevisions, etc.) supported by 4G networks, 5G networks can be employedto support data communication between smart cars in association withdriverless car environments, as well as machine type communications(MTCs). Considering the drastic different communication needs of thesedifferent traffic scenarios, the ability to dynamically configurewaveform parameters based on traffic scenarios while retaining thebenefits of multi carrier modulation schemes (e.g., OFDM and relatedschemes) can provide a significant contribution to the highspeed/capacity and low latency demands of 5G networks. With waveformsthat split the bandwidth into several sub-bands, different types ofservices can be accommodated in different sub-bands with the mostsuitable waveform and numerology, leading to an improved spectrumutilization for 5G networks.

To meet the demand for data centric applications, features of proposed5G networks may comprise: increased peak bit rate (e.g., 20 Gbps),larger data volume per unit area (e.g., high system spectralefficiency—for example about 3.5 times that of spectral efficiency oflong term evolution (LTE) systems), high capacity that allows moredevice connectivity both concurrently and instantaneously, lowerbattery/power consumption (which reduces energy and consumption costs),better connectivity regardless of the geographic region in which a useris located, a larger numbers of devices, lower infrastructuraldevelopment costs, and higher reliability of the communications. Thus,5G networks may allow for: data rates of several tens of megabits persecond should be supported for tens of thousands of users, 1 gigabit persecond to be offered simultaneously to tens of workers on the sameoffice floor, for example; several hundreds of thousands of simultaneousconnections to be supported for massive sensor deployments; improvedcoverage, enhanced signaling efficiency; reduced latency compared toLTE.

The upcoming 5G access network may utilize higher frequencies (e.g., >6GHz) to aid in increasing capacity. Currently, much of the millimeterwave (mmWave) spectrum, the band of spectrum between 30 gigahertz (GHz)and 300 GHz is underutilized. The millimeter waves have shorterwavelengths that range from 10 millimeters to 1 millimeter, and thesemmWave signals experience severe path loss, penetration loss, andfading. However, the shorter wavelength at mmWave frequencies alsoallows more antennas to be packed in the same physical dimension, whichallows for large-scale spatial multiplexing and highly directionalbeamforming.

Performance can be improved if both the transmitter and the receiver areequipped with multiple antennas. Multi-antenna techniques cansignificantly increase the data rates and reliability of a wirelesscommunication system. The use of multiple input multiple output (MIMO)techniques, which was introduced in the third-generation partnershipproject (3GPP) and has been in use (including with LTE), is amulti-antenna technique that can improve the spectral efficiency oftransmissions, thereby significantly boosting the overall data carryingcapacity of wireless systems. The use of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) techniques can improve mmWave communications, and has been widelyrecognized a potentially important component for access networksoperating in higher frequencies. MIMO can be used for achievingdiversity gain, spatial multiplexing gain and beamforming gain. Forthese reasons, MIMO systems are an important part of the 3rd and 4thgeneration wireless systems, and are planned for use in 5G systems.

Referring now to FIG. 2 , illustrated is an example schematic systemblock diagram of a base station in communication to IOT devices. Asdepicted by FIG. 2 , several IOT devices 206, 208, 210 (e.g., UE 102)can be connected to a base station device 204 because that are within aspecific geographic area 202. Additionally, the base station device 204can be connected to a FOTA server 212 via the HSS of the RAN. It shouldnote that although the IOT devices 206, 208, 210 can be connected to thebase station device 204, depending on the eDRX procedures associatedwith the IOT devices 206, 208, 210, only the IOT devices 208, 210 canreceive FOTA during a specific time. Thus, FIG. 2 depicts the scenariowhere the IOT devices 206 receiver is off to save power/resources and iscurrently not capable of receiving any FOTA. However, IOT devices 208,210 have had their identities confirmed firmed between the HSS and theFOTA server. Consequently, the eDRXs of the IOT devices 208, 210 havebeen modified such that the IOT devices 208, 210 receivers are on andare capable of receiving FOTA at the specified time.

Referring now to FIG. 3 , illustrated is an example schematic systemblock diagram of a wireless network architecture 300.

Manipulating extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) procedures at willcan keep the UE 102 connected to the network long enough such that thefirmware updates are received by the UEs 102. The FOTA can be sent bydefining a dynamic profile whereby the mobility management entity (MME)sends a timer (e.g., modified idle timer via path 304) to the UE 102.Generally, the UE 102 can determine when to wake up and when todisconnect from a session. However, in this scenario, the MME cancommunicate (e.g., send a flag to the UE 102) to the UE 102 how long tostay connected on a particular session. For example, if there are a listof UEs that are due for an update, then this list can be pushed to adatabase (e.g., FOTA server 212). Whenever a registration or trackingarea update is received from one of these UEs, then the UEs can beprovided with parameters from the network on how the UEs are to behaveon the network. Thus, the parameters received by the UE 102 can comprisethe eDRX values.

The UE 102 can comprise an MTC application that can register with theMME (via path 302). The registration data can then be sent to the shortmessage service center (SMS-SC), gateway mobility switching center(GMSC), and/or the interworking mobility switching center (IWMSC) beforegoing to the machine type communication inter-working function(MTC-IWF). The registration data (comprising UE 102 identification data)can then be sent to the home subscriber server (HSS), which can thencheck with the FOTA server 212 and database function to determine if theUE 102 is due for an update or not. Thus, the system can compare theregistration data to a data structure of the FOTA server 212 todetermine if the UE 102 is due for an update. It should be noted thatthe comparison can take place at the HSS or the FOTA server 212. If theUE 102 is due for an update, this information can flow from the HSS tothe MTC-IWF to the SMS-SC, GMSC, and/or IWMSC to the MME (via path 304).Therefore, the HSS can prompt the MME (via path 304) to modify the eDRXin accordance with the FOTA schedule and send this data back through theRAN to the UE 102 (via path 304). The flag data for the eDRX can beencapsulated in one of the messages (or a new message) (via path 304),wherein the MME can signal to the UE 102 that for this particularsession, the eDRX will be longer than usual. For example, the flag datacan indicate that the eDRX parameters are three minutes for a particularsession. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the eDRXparameters can be associated with a future session based on machinelearning, UE 102 history, and/or a predicted or scheduled future FOTA.If the UE 102 is not due for an upgrade, then the UE 102 can remain onor off in accordance with its default parameters. After the UE 102 hasreceived the FOTA (via path 306) in accordance with the modified eDRXparameters, then the UE 102 can perform on its regularly schedulewake-up and sleep schedule. Thus, when the UE 102 is awake based on themodified eDRX parameters, the FOTA server 212 can facilitate sending theFOTA to the UE 102 via the gateway general packet radio service supportnode (GGSN)/packet gateway (P-GW) to the serving general packet radioservice support node (SGSN) and through the RAN to the UE 102. Asdepicted in FIG. 3 , it should be noted that other network functions canbe utilized to facilitate the above-noted procedures including, but notlimited to: service capability exposure function (SCEF), servicecapability server (SCS), service gateway (S-GW), application server(AS), MTC authorization, authentication and accounting (AAA) function,etc.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , illustrated is an example schematic systemblock diagram of a discontinuous reception function 400. A DRX cycledefines an “on” duration during which the UE 102 can monitor forpossible physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions. Duringthis period, the radio is active and the UE 102 can transmit andreceive. The DRX cycled is part of a UE's 102 radio resource control(RRC) configuration. During the “off” duration, the UE 102 is notexpected to transmit or receive anything. DRX was originally designedfor energy savings procedure and UE power consumption optimization. TheDRX configuration of a cell may be cell specific (identical for all UEs)or UE specific, (e.g., each UE) can receive its dedicated DRXconfiguration. Several DRX configurations can be defined (e.g., a shortand a long one).

Referring now to FIG. 5 , illustrated is an example flow diagram 500 fora wireless network architecture.

At block 502, the UE 102 can register with the MME (via path 302). Theregistration data can then be sent to the HSS. At block 504, the systemcan compare the registration data to a list of UEs (that are due for anupdate), within the FOTA server 212 and database function, to determineif the UE 102 is due for an update or not. Thus, the system can comparethe registration data to a data structure of the FOTA server 212. Itshould be noted that the comparison can take place at the HSS (e.g., theFOTA server 212 sends the list to the HSS) or the comparison can beperformed at the FOTA server 212. Based on the comparison, if it isdetermined that the UE 102 is due for an update at block 506, thisinformation can be sent from the to the MME (via path 304) to modify theDRX parameter at block 510 in accordance with the FOTA schedule. Basedon the modified eDRX parameter, the system can transmit the FOTA to theUE 102 at block 512. Subsequent to the transmission, the UE 102 canutilize a default DRX (e.g., the DRX prior to the DRX modification) atblock 508. Alternatively, if the UE ID is not found in the FOTA serverlist at block 506, then the UE 102 can proceed to utilize the defaultDRX parameter at block 508.

Referring now to FIG. 6 , illustrated is an example flow diagram of amethod for modifying a discontinuous reception parameter. At element600, a method can comprise receiving registration data representative ofa mobile device attempting to register with a wireless network. Inresponse to the receiving the registration data, at element 602, themethod can comprise sending the registration data to a server device ofthe wireless network. In response to the sending the registration datato the server device, at element 604, the method can comprise receiving,from the server device, update data representative of an indication thatthe mobile device is ready for application of a firmware update.Additionally, at element 606, in response to the receiving the updatedata, the method can comprise prompting a mobility management device tomodify a discontinuous reception parameter of the mobile device.

Referring now to FIG. 7 , illustrated is an example flow diagram of asystem for modifying a discontinuous reception parameter. At element 700a system can facilitate, receiving registration data representative of amobile device attempting to register with a wireless network. At element702, in response to the receiving the registration data, the system cancomprise sending the registration data to a server device of thewireless network. Additionally, in response to the sending theregistration data to the server device, at element 704, the system cancomprise facilitating comparing the update data to a data structure ofthe server device, resulting in comparison data. Furthermore, at element706, based on the comparison data, the system can comprise modifying adiscontinuous reception parameter associated with the mobile device,resulting in a modified discontinuous reception parameter.

Referring now to FIG. 8 , illustrated is an example flow diagram of amachine-readable medium for modifying a discontinuous receptionparameter. At element 800, a machine-readable storage medium can performthe operations comprising receiving tracking area update datarepresentative of a mobile device initiating a registration with a basestation device of a wireless network. In response to the receiving thetracking area update data, the machine-readable storage medium canperform the operations comprising sending the tracking area update datato a server device of the wireless network at element 802. Furthermore,in response to the sending the tracking area update data to the serverdevice, at element 804, the machine-readable storage medium can performthe operations comprising facilitating comparing the tracking areaupdate data to a data structure of the server device, resulting incomparison data. Additionally, based on the comparison data, at element806, the machine-readable storage medium can perform the operationscomprising modifying a reception value associated with the mobiledevice, resulting in a modified reception value.

Referring now to FIG. 9 , illustrated is a schematic block diagram of anexemplary end-user device such as a mobile device capable of connectingto a network in accordance with some embodiments described herein.Although a mobile handset 900 is illustrated herein, it will beunderstood that other devices can be a mobile device, and that themobile handset 900 is merely illustrated to provide context for theembodiments of the various embodiments described herein. The followingdiscussion is intended to provide a brief, general description of anexample of a suitable environment 900 in which the various embodimentscan be implemented. While the description includes a general context ofcomputer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable storagemedium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation alsocan be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as acombination of hardware and software.

Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines,programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particulartasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein canbe practiced with other system configurations, includingsingle-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframecomputers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices,microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like,each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associateddevices.

A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readablemedia. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can beaccessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatilemedia, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and notlimitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage mediaand communication media. Computer storage media can include volatileand/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage of information, suchas computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules orother data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to,RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD ROM,digital video disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magneticcassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magneticstorage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store thedesired information and which can be accessed by the computer.

Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated datasignal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includesany information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means asignal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed insuch a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example,and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as awired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such asacoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the anyof the above should also be included within the scope ofcomputer-readable media.

The handset 900 includes a processor 902 for controlling and processingall onboard operations and functions. A memory 904 interfaces to theprocessor 902 for storage of data and one or more applications 906(e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.).Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voicecommands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. Theapplications 906 can be stored in the memory 904 and/or in a firmware908, and executed by the processor 902 from either or both the memory904 or/and the firmware 908. The firmware 908 can also store startupcode for execution in initializing the handset 900. A communicationscomponent 910 interfaces to the processor 902 to facilitatewired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellularnetworks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, the communications component910 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 911 (e.g., a GSMtransceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 913 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax)for corresponding signal communications. The handset 900 can be a devicesuch as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communicationscapabilities, and messaging-centric devices. The communicationscomponent 910 also facilitates communications reception from terrestrialradio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, andInternet-based radio services networks.

The handset 900 includes a display 912 for displaying text, images,video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setupfunctions, and for user input. For example, the display 912 can also bereferred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation ofmultimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics,etc.). The display 912 can also display videos and can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface914 is provided in communication with the processor 902 to facilitatewired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE1394) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices(e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This supports updating andtroubleshooting the handset 900, for example. Audio capabilities areprovided with an audio I/O component 916, which can include a speakerfor the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication thatthe user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the userfeedback signal. The audio I/O component 916 also facilitates the inputof audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephonyvoice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.

The handset 900 can include a slot interface 918 for accommodating a SIC(Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card SubscriberIdentity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 920, and interfacing the SIM card920 with the processor 902. However, it is to be appreciated that theSIM card 920 can be manufactured into the handset 900, and updated bydownloading data and software.

The handset 900 can process IP data traffic through the communicationcomponent 910 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, forexample, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a personarea network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus,VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset 900 and IP-based multimediacontent can be received in either an encoded or decoded format.

A video processing component 922 (e.g., a camera) can be provided fordecoding encoded multimedia content. The video processing component 922can aid in facilitating the generation, editing and sharing of videoquotes. The handset 900 also includes a power source 924 in the form ofbatteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 924 caninterface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown)by a power I/O component 926.

The handset 900 can also include a video component 930 for processingvideo content received and, for recording and transmitting videocontent. For example, the video component 930 can facilitate thegeneration, editing and sharing of video quotes. A location trackingcomponent 932 facilitates geographically locating the handset 900. Asdescribed herein, this can occur when the user initiates the feedbacksignal automatically or manually. A user input component 934 facilitatesthe user initiating the quality feedback signal. The user inputcomponent 934 can also facilitate the generation, editing and sharing ofvideo quotes. The user input component 934 can include such conventionalinput device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard, mouse, stylus pen,and/or touch screen, for example.

Referring again to the applications 906, a hysteresis component 936facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which isutilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 938 can be provided that facilitatestriggering of the hysteresis component 938 when the Wi-Fi transceiver913 detects the beacon of the access point. A SIP client 940 enables thehandset 900 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber withthe SIP registrar server. The applications 906 can also include a client942 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play and storeof multimedia content, for example, music.

The handset 900, as indicated above related to the communicationscomponent 910, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 913 (e.g.,Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, suchas IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 900. The handset 900 canaccommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that cancombine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handhelddevice.

In order to provide additional context for various embodiments describedherein, FIG. 10 and the following discussion are intended to provide abrief, general description of a suitable computing environment 1000 inwhich the various embodiments of the embodiment described herein can beimplemented. While the embodiments have been described above in thegeneral context of computer-executable instructions that can run on oneor more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that theembodiments can be also implemented in combination with other programmodules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.

Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, datastructures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particularabstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciatethat the disclosed methods can be practiced with other computer systemconfigurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computersystems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, Internet of Things (IoT)devices, distributed computing systems, as well as personal computers,hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmableconsumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operativelycoupled to one or more associated devices.

The illustrated embodiments of the embodiments herein can be alsopracticed in distributed computing environments where certain tasks areperformed by remote processing devices that are linked through acommunications network. In a distributed computing environment, programmodules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.

Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which caninclude computer-readable storage media, machine-readable storage media,and/or communications media, which two terms are used herein differentlyfrom one another as follows. Computer-readable storage media ormachine-readable storage media can be any available storage media thatcan be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile andnonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example,and not limitation, computer-readable storage media or machine-readablestorage media can be implemented in connection with any method ortechnology for storage of information such as computer-readable ormachine-readable instructions, program modules, structured data orunstructured data.

Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to,random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electricallyerasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or othermemory technology, compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), digitalversatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) or other optical disk storage,magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, solid state drives or other solid statestorage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which canbe used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms“tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory orcomputer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude onlypropagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquishrights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media thatare not only propagating transitory signals per se.

Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local orremote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or otherdata retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect tothe information stored by the medium.

Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions,data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructureddata in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrierwave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information deliveryor transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refersto a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changedin such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By wayof example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media,such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless mediasuch as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.

With reference again to FIG. 10 , the example environment 1000 forimplementing various embodiments of the aspects described hereinincludes a computer 1002, the computer 1002 including a processing unit1004, a system memory 1006 and a system bus 1008. The system bus 1008couples system components including, but not limited to, the systemmemory 1006 to the processing unit 1004. The processing unit 1004 can beany of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessorsand other multi-processor architectures can also be employed as theprocessing unit 1004.

The system bus 1008 can be any of several types of bus structure thatcan further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memorycontroller), a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety ofcommercially available bus architectures. The system memory 1006includes ROM 1010 and RAM 1012. A basic input/output system (BIOS) canbe stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM, erasable programmableread only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, which BIOS contains the basic routinesthat help to transfer information between elements within the computer1002, such as during startup. The RAM 1012 can also include a high-speedRAM such as static RAM for caching data.

The computer 1002 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD)1014 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage devices 1016(e.g., a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1016, a memory stick or flashdrive reader, a memory card reader, etc.) and an optical disk drive 1020(e.g., which can read or write from a CD-ROM disc, a DVD, a BD, etc.).While the internal HDD 1014 is illustrated as located within thecomputer 1002, the internal HDD 1014 can also be configured for externaluse in a suitable chassis (not shown). Additionally, while not shown inenvironment 1000, a solid state drive (SSD) could be used in additionto, or in place of, an HDD 1014. The HDD 1014, external storagedevice(s) 1016 and optical disk drive 1020 can be connected to thesystem bus 1008 by an HDD interface 1024, an external storage interface1026 and an optical drive interface 1028, respectively. The interface1024 for external drive implementations can include at least one or bothof Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other externaldrive connection technologies are within contemplation of theembodiments described herein.

The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media providenonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executableinstructions, and so forth. For the computer 1002, the drives andstorage media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digitalformat. Although the description of computer-readable storage mediaabove refers to respective types of storage devices, it should beappreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of storagemedia which are readable by a computer, whether presently existing ordeveloped in the future, could also be used in the example operatingenvironment, and further, that any such storage media can containcomputer-executable instructions for performing the methods describedherein.

A number of program modules can be stored in the drives and RAM 1012,including an operating system 1030, one or more application programs1032, other program modules 1034 and program data 1036. All or portionsof the operating system, applications, modules, and/or data can also becached in the RAM 1012. The systems and methods described herein can beimplemented utilizing various commercially available operating systemsor combinations of operating systems.

Computer 1002 can optionally comprise emulation technologies. Forexample, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary can emulate ahardware environment for operating system 1030, and the emulatedhardware can optionally be different from the hardware illustrated inFIG. 10 . In such an embodiment, operating system 1030 can comprise onevirtual machine (VM) of multiple VMs hosted at computer 1002.Furthermore, operating system 1030 can provide runtime environments,such as the Java runtime environment or the .NET framework, forapplications 1032. Runtime environments are consistent executionenvironments that allow applications 1032 to run on any operating systemthat includes the runtime environment. Similarly, operating system 1030can support containers, and applications 1032 can be in the form ofcontainers, which are lightweight, standalone, executable packages ofsoftware that include, e.g., code, runtime, system tools, systemlibraries and settings for an application.

Further, computer 1002 can be enable with a security module, such as atrusted processing module (TPM). For instance with a TPM, bootcomponents hash next in time boot components, and wait for a match ofresults to secured values, before loading a next boot component. Thisprocess can take place at any layer in the code execution stack ofcomputer 1002, e.g., applied at the application execution level or atthe operating system (OS) kernel level, thereby enabling security at anylevel of code execution.

A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1002 throughone or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1038, a touchscreen 1040, and a pointing device, such as a mouse 1042. Other inputdevices (not shown) can include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remotecontrol, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, or other remote control,a joystick, a virtual reality controller and/or virtual reality headset,a game pad, a stylus pen, an image input device, e.g., camera(s), agesture sensor input device, a vision movement sensor input device, anemotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device, e.g.,fingerprint or iris scanner, or the like. These and other input devicesare often connected to the processing unit 1004 through an input deviceinterface 1044 that can be coupled to the system bus 1008, but can beconnected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, a BLUETOOTH®interface, etc.

A monitor 1046 or other type of display device can be also connected tothe system bus 1008 via an interface, such as a video adapter 1048. Inaddition to the monitor 1046, a computer typically includes otherperipheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, etc.

The computer 1002 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections via wired and/or wireless communications to one or moreremote computers, such as a remote computer(s) 1050. The remotecomputer(s) 1050 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, apersonal computer, portable computer, microprocessor-based entertainmentappliance, a peer device or other common network node, and typicallyincludes many or all of the elements described relative to the computer1002, although, for purposes of brevity, only a memory/storage device1052 is illustrated. The logical connections depicted includewired/wireless connectivity to a local area network (LAN) 1054 and/orlarger networks, e.g., a wide area network (WAN) 1056. Such LAN and WANnetworking environments are commonplace in offices and companies, andfacilitate enterprise-wide computer networks, such as intranets, all ofwhich can connect to a global communications network, e.g., theInternet.

When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1002 can beconnected to the local network 1054 through a wired and/or wirelesscommunication network interface or adapter 1058. The adapter 1058 canfacilitate wired or wireless communication to the LAN 1054, which canalso include a wireless access point (AP) disposed thereon forcommunicating with the adapter 1058 in a wireless mode.

When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1002 can includea modem 1060 or can be connected to a communications server on the WAN1056 via other means for establishing communications over the WAN 1056,such as by way of the Internet. The modem 1060, which can be internal orexternal and a wired or wireless device, can be connected to the systembus 1008 via the input device interface 1044. In a networkedenvironment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 1002 orportions thereof, can be stored in the remote memory/storage device1052. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown areexample and other means of establishing a communications link betweenthe computers can be used.

When used in either a LAN or WAN networking environment, the computer1002 can access cloud storage systems or other network-based storagesystems in addition to, or in place of, external storage devices 1016 asdescribed above. Generally, a connection between the computer 1002 and acloud storage system can be established over a LAN 1054 or WAN 1056e.g., by the adapter 1058 or modem 1060, respectively. Upon connectingthe computer 1002 to an associated cloud storage system, the externalstorage interface 1026 can, with the aid of the adapter 1058 and/ormodem 1060, manage storage provided by the cloud storage system as itwould other types of external storage. For instance, the externalstorage interface 1026 can be configured to provide access to cloudstorage sources as if those sources were physically connected to thecomputer 1002.

The computer 1002 can be operable to communicate with any wirelessdevices or entities operatively disposed in wireless communication,e.g., a printer, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portabledata assistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment orlocation associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk,news stand, store shelf, etc.), and telephone. This can include WirelessFidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, thecommunication can be a predefined structure as with a conventionalnetwork or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

The computer is operable to communicate with any wireless devices orentities operatively disposed in wireless communication, e.g., aprinter, scanner, desktop and/or portable computer, portable dataassistant, communications satellite, any piece of equipment or locationassociated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a kiosk, news stand,restroom), and telephone. This includes at least Wi-Fi and Bluetooth™wireless technologies. Thus, the communication can be a predefinedstructure as with a conventional network or simply an ad hoccommunication between at least two devices.

Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from acouch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a conference room at work,without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in acell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send andreceive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a basestation. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE 802.11 (a, b,g, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. AWi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to theInternet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE 802.3 or Ethernet).Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, atan 11 Mbps (802.11a) or 54 Mbps (802.11b) data rate, for example, orwith products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks canprovide real-world performance similar to the basic 10BaseT wiredEthernet networks used in many offices.

The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subjectdisclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intendedto be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the preciseforms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are describedherein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possiblethat are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples,as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.

In this regard, while the subject matter has been described herein inconnection with various embodiments and corresponding FIGs, whereapplicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can beused or modifications and additions can be made to the describedembodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitutefunction of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom.Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to anysingle embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed inbreadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: sending, by a userequipment comprising a processor to network equipment, tracking areaupdate data representative of the user equipment initiating aregistration with a network comprising the network equipment; and basedon a comparison of the tracking area update data with data structuredata indicating that firmware of the user equipment is due to be updatedwith a modified version of the firmware, receiving, by the userequipment from the network equipment, a modified discontinuous receptionparameter comprising a default discontinuous reception parameter of theuser equipment that has been modified.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe network equipment comprises a home subscriber server.
 3. The methodof claim 2, further comprising: in response to the user equipment beingdetermined to be in proximity to a base station associated with the homesubscriber server, initiating, by the user equipment, the registrationwith the network via the base station.
 4. The method of claim 1, whereinthe comparison of the tracking area update data with the data structuredata has been performed by server equipment comprising a firmwareover-the-air server configured to facilitate over-the-air firmwareupdates to the user equipment.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein thedata structure data has been stored in a data structure within thefirmware over-the-air server.
 6. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving, by the user equipment in accordance with themodified discontinuous reception parameter, the modified version of thefirmware.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the default discontinuousreception parameter comprises a first time duration applicable tocommunications corresponding to the user equipment, wherein the modifieddiscontinuous reception parameter comprises a second time durationapplicable to the communications corresponding to the user equipment,and wherein the second time duration is greater than the first timeduration.
 8. A user equipment, comprising: a processor; and a memorythat stores executable instructions that, when executed by theprocessor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising: sendingattach request data to first network equipment of a network tofacilitate registration of the user equipment with a service that hasbeen enabled via the network, wherein the sending of the attach requestdata facilitates a comparison of the attach request data to datastructure data that has been stored in a data structure of secondnetwork equipment of the network, resulting in comparison data; and inresponse to the comparison data being determined to represent thatfirmware of the user equipment is to be updated, receiving a modifieddiscontinuous reception parameter that has been modified from a defaultdiscontinuous reception parameter applicable to the user equipment. 9.The user equipment of claim 8, wherein the first network equipment is abase station.
 10. The user equipment of claim 8, wherein the operationsfurther comprise receiving over-the-air firmware updates from a firmwareover-the-air server of the second network equipment.
 11. The userequipment of claim 8, wherein the user equipment is aninternet-of-things device.
 12. The user equipment of claim 8, wherein anidle time parameter associated with the user equipment is modified basedon the comparison data.
 13. The user equipment of claim 8, wherein apaging transmission time parameter associated with the user equipment ismodified based on the comparison data.
 14. The user equipment of claim13, wherein the paging transmission time parameter is modified from afirst time duration to a second time duration that is greater than thefirst time duration.
 15. The user equipment of claim 8, wherein theoperations further comprise: using the modified discontinuous receptionparameter, receiving the modified version of the firmware.
 16. Anon-transitory machine-readable medium, comprising executableinstructions that, when executed by a processor of a mobile device,facilitate performance of operations, comprising: sending attach requestdata to a base station via a network to facilitate registration with thebase station, wherein the sending of the attach request data initiates acomparison of the attach request data to data structure data that hasbeen stored in a data structure managed by a server, and wherein thecomparison results in comparison data; and based on the comparison data,receiving a modified reception value representing a modified version ofa default reception value of the mobile device to facilitate receptionof a firmware update of firmware of the mobile device according to themodified reception value.
 17. The non-transitory machine-readable mediumof claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise: based on themodified reception value, receiving the firmware update.
 18. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the defaultreception value is less than the modified reception value, and whereinthe operations further comprise: in response to receiving the firmwareupdate, and further in response to a time duration associated with themodified reception value being determined to have lapsed, receiving aninstruction to return to being configured with the default receptionvalue.
 19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16,wherein the default reception value is a discontinuous reception valueof the mobile device.
 20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium ofclaim 16, wherein the default reception value is a paging transmissiontime parameter value of the mobile device or an idle time parametervalue of the mobile device.